Intersexism
(also: dyadism, endosexism, juxtasexism, perisexism)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Intersexism is the descrimination that is faced by intersex people. It is the belief that being dyadic is normal, correct, the default, etc., and that intersex people are unnatural, wrong, diseased/deformed, insignificant, etc.
Intersex issues are often thrown around during discussions of transgender rights by people with little understanding of the topic. Unfortunately, this is by design. intersex people are often dismissed as impossible anomolies. They are ostrichized and medicalized by society for being born. Though it is perfectly natural for someone to be born with an intersex variation, society at large unfortunately treats those who are intersex as though they should not matter simply for being different.
This page will be discussing things that may be upsetting or triggering for some readers. Remember that real allies don't use slurs. Please consult the alphabet button meny at the top of the page for additional information, or click on underlined words or phrases to be hyperlinked to relevant definitions or pages.
General Information
Intersexism often manifests from the moment an intersex child is born. Many intersex people are subject to infant genital mutilation (IGM) and are treated as though their very existence must be altered to become acceptable. Many intersex people are forced to undergo hormonal treatments as well. Many people grow up without even realizing that they are intersex, and are simply forced into the category of male or female without consent.
Many intersex people are deined proper roles in society. They are faced with harassment, bullying, and fetishization. The fetishization of intersex people often comes from gross misunderstandings of what intersex even means.
Social
Throughout their lives, many intersex people will experience social mistreatment due to their intersexuality.
Bullying and abuse are common experiences that many intersex people relate to. Strangers may ask invasive questions upon learning that someone is intersex, such as asking what their genitals look like or what their sex life is like. Many intersex people have experienced fetishization, with some being treated as sex objects rather than people. people may pressure intersex individuals into changing their bodies to conform with perisex standards, such as by shaving body hair or binding one's chest.
Additionally, intersex people are often subjected to scrutiny surrounding their intersexuality, and many have experiences of being told they are not truly intersex or are lying about their intersex status. It is a common but false belief that being intersex is astronomically rare, and this belief is often a driving force behind the denial of intersex people's identities.
Social intersexism doesn't stop inside the queer community either. Often, conversations about queernees and the queer community ignore and erase intersex people. Many people both inside and outside the queer community are unaware that intersexuality is a queer identity to begin with, leading to the silencing and discrediting of intersex voices in the community. Some intersex people are also told they cannot identify with certain queer terms because of their intersex experiences or even just because they are intersex to begin with.
Medical Abuse
It is not uncommon for intersex infants to undergo surgeries or hormonal treatments to appear as though they are not intersex. These procedures are often unnecessary, harmful, and overall traumatizing. Cosmetic appearance is prioritized over functionality or patient satisfaction.
Due to the general desire of doctors to hide 'less noticable' intersex conditions or alter babies with 'more noticable' intersex conditions; many intersex people grow up not even realizing that they are intersex. Some don't find out until adulthood, and others never find out. Some intersex conditions don't present themselves in a noticable way until puberty or adulthood.
It can be hard to determing how many people are, in fact, intersex; due to underdiagnosis and medical abuse.
5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency/5-ARD/Pseudovaginal Perineoscrotal Hypospadias/PPSH/Steroid 5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency
Surgical genital mutilation is often performed on children with 5-ARD based on whether or not the parents prefer to raise their child as male or female. These surgical procedures are cosmetic and of no benefit to the intersex child in question.
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External Links
The resources below have been provided for education, information sourcing, and entertainment purposes. The views expressed in these videos, websites, etc, do not inherently reflect those of The Transgender Dictionary. These resources are not sponsored, nor endorsed.
Intersex Organizations
Articles/Journals/Studies/Papers/Etc
- BMC Urology - Analysis in the influence factors of urethroplasty in DSD - Yu, J., Sun, N., Song, H. et al. Analysis in the influence factors of urethroplasty in DSD. BMC Urol 22, 124 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-022-01080-x
- Frontiers: The effect of staged TIP urethroplasty on proximal hypospadias with severe chordee - AUTHOR=Xie Qike , Liu Yuling , Zhao Xiangyou , Huang Junqiang , Chen Chao TITLE=The effect of staged TIP urethroplasty on proximal hypospadias with severe chordee JOURNAL=Frontiers in Surgery VOLUME=Volume 9 - 2022 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/surgery/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2022.892048 DOI=10.3389/fsurg.2022.892048 ISSN=2296-875X
- MDPI - Surgical Outcomes of Clitoroplasty in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Clitoral Hypertrophy: A 19-Year Experience of a Single Surgeon - Jun, J., Song, S. H., Park, S., Han, J. H., & Kim, K. S. (2021). Surgical Outcomes of Clitoroplasty in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Clitoral Hypertrophy: A 19-Year Experience of a Single Surgeon. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111152
- PLOS: A national study on the physical and mental health of intersex adults in the U.S. - Rosenwohl-Mack A, Tamar-Mattis S, Baratz AB, Dalke KB, Ittelson A, Zieselman K, et al. (2020) A national study on the physical and mental health of intersex adults in the U.S. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0240088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240088
- PubMed: THE INTERSEXED PATIENT - STOLLER, R J, and A C ROSEN. “The intersexed patient.” California medicine vol. 91,5 (1959): 261-5.
- Research Gate: Disorders of sexual differentiation: I. Genetics and pathology - TY - JOUR AU - El-Sherbiny, Mohamed PY - 2013/03/01 SP - 19–26 T1 - Disorders of sexual differentiation: I. Genetics and pathology VL - 11 DO - 10.1016/j.aju.2012.11.005 JO - Arab Journal of Urology ER -
- Research Gate: Surgical management of hypospadias in cases with concomitant disorders of sex development - TY - JOUR AU - Ochi, Takanori AU - Ishiyama, Asuka AU - Yazaki, Yuta AU - Murakami, Hiroshi AU - Takeda, Masahiro AU - Seo, Shogo AU - Sueyoshi, Ryo AU - Lane, Geoffrey AU - Haruna, Hidenori AU - Shimizu, Toshiaki AU - Yamataka, Atsuyuki PY - 2019/05/01 SP - T1 - Surgical management of hypospadias in cases with concomitant disorders of sex development VL - 35 DO - 10.1007/s00383-019-04457-6 JO - Pediatric Surgery International ER -
- Research Gate: The Mysteries of Primary Amenorrhea: Swyer Syndrome - TY - JOUR AU - Cherukuri, Srinidhi AU - Jajoo, Shubhada AU - Dewani, Deepika AU - Andela, Manisha PY - 2022/08/19 SP - T1 - The Mysteries of Primary Amenorrhea: Swyer Syndrome VL - 14 DO - 10.7759/cureus.28170 JO - Cureus ER -
- Science Direct: A case report on ovotesticular DSD - G. Aruna Jyothi, Nitya Waghray, A case report on ovotesticular DSD, Apollo Medicine, Volume 13, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 49-51, ISSN 0976-0016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2015.01.004. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0976001615000058)
- Science Direct: Clitoroplasty: A variant of the technique by Acimi - Smail Acimi, Mohammed Ali Acimi, Lamia Debbous, Mimouna Bessahraoui, Ibtisseme Bouanani, Clitoroplasty: A variant of the technique by Acimi, Arab Journal of Urology, Volume 16, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 232-237, ISSN 2090-598X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.005. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090598X1830007X)
- Science Direct: One-stage repair of proximal hypospadias with severe chordee by in situ tubularization of the transverse preputial island flap - Yichen Huang, Hua Xie, Yiqing Lv, Ling Yu, Li Sun, Xiaoxi Li, Yan Chen, Huizhen Sun, Fang Chen, One-stage repair of proximal hypospadias with severe chordee by in situ tubularization of the transverse preputial island flap, Journal of Pediatric Urology, Volume 13, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 296-299, ISSN 1477-5131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.02.015. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147751311730102X)
- Science Direct: Surgical correction of penoscrotal transposition associated with hypospadias and bifid scrotum: our experience of two-stage repair - F. Arena, C. Romeo, A. Manganaro, S. Arena, B. Zuccarello, G. Romeo, Surgical correction of penoscrotal transposition associated with hypospadias and bifid scrotum: our experience of two-stage repair, Journal of Pediatric Urology, Volume 1, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 289-294, ISSN 1477-5131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2005.01.012. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477513105000446)
- Springer - Evaluation of the early outcomes of partial urogenital sinus mobilization in females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia - Oshiba, A., Ashour, K., Khairi, A. et al. Evaluation of the early outcomes of partial urogenital sinus mobilization in females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Ann Pediatr Surg 16, 13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43159-020-00024-0
- Springer - Feminizing genitoplasty in childhood: aiming for achievable outcomes - TY - JOUR AU - AbouZeid, Amr Abdelhamid PY - 2020 DA - 2020/10/20 TI - Feminizing genitoplasty in childhood: aiming for achievable outcomes JO - Annals of Pediatric Surgery SP - 34 VL - 16 IS - 1 AB - Early genital reconstruction may be recommended in cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia to avoid the stigma that can affect these individuals with variable degrees through different cultures. However, the separation and mobilization of a high vagina has remained challenging with less satisfactory surgical outcomes. Therefore, the value of early vaginal reconstruction has been questioned in favour of delaying the whole repair after puberty. In this report, the author has adopted the third option in-between, which comprises early reconstruction of the external genitalia and delaying the more challenging vaginal reconstruction (if needed) to be performed after puberty. SN - 2090-5394 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s43159-020-00044-w DO - 10.1186/s43159-020-00044-w ID - AbouZeid2020 ER -
- Springer - Management of Hypospadias in Patients with Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) - Ashwin Shekar, P., Bhat, A. (2022). Management of Hypospadias in Patients with Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD). In: Bhat, A. (eds) Hypospadiology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8395-4_23
Additional Resources